The 5 Essential Components of Reading

PHONEMIC AWARENESS-The knowledge and manipulation of sounds in spoken words.

PHONICS-The relationship between written and spoken letters and sounds.

READING FLUENCY, INCLUDING ORAL READING SKILLS-The ability to read with accuracy, and with appropriate rate, expression, and phrasing.

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT-The knowledge of words, their definitions, and context.

COMPREHENSION-The understanding of meaning in text.